Shortly before daybreak on September 14, 2019, five masked men driving two stolen vehicles barreled through the gates of Blenheim Palace, England’s best-known stately home. Sledgehammering a ground-floor window, they passed the room where Winston Churchill was born and headed straight for their target: a solid-gold toilet worth $6 million.

Called America, the toilet was part of a bigger Maurizio Cattelan exhibition. Just hours earlier, party guests had been toasting its success, posing for photographs on the 18-karat throne and flushing Dom Pérignon down its working pipes.