Diplomatic relations between Japan and Austria were established 150 years ago. To celebrate that moment, Tokyo’s National Art Center is diving deep into the modernist art and culture of Vienna at the fin de siècle, arguing that the movement’s roots can be traced to the reign of Empress Maria Theresa. Pieces from the early-1800s Biedermeier period lead up to work by Schiele, Klimt, and Kokoschka, the Secessionists, Hoffmann, and Loos. —C.J.F.