At the 1905 Salon d’Automne, in Paris, where Matisse showed Femme au chapeau—a portrait of his wife Amélie, a professional hatmaker, rendered in patches of unmixed color—the critic Louis Vauxcelles called the room where it hung a cage of les Fauves (wild beasts). The insult became the name of the movement: Fauvism. The painting was acquired on the Salon’s last day by Gertrude Stein and her brother, Leo. Thirty years later, under new ownership, Femme au chapeau traveled to San Francisco, where it received its first U.S. showing, in 1936, at what is now the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. In 1991, it entered the museum’s collection as a bequest. Under the terms of that bequest the portrait cannot travel, which makes SFMOMA the only place it can ever be seen, and also the only possible venue for this exhibition, which re-assembles works from the original Gallery VII of the 1905 Salon and places them alongside responses to Matisse’s painting by everyone from Joan Brown to David Hockney. —Elena Clavarino