“If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man,” Ernest Hemingway writes in his posthumously published memoir, A Moveable Feast, “then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you.” The Paris that Hemingway captured in his writing is the one his contemporaries—Pablo Picasso, Marc Chagall, and Amedeo Modigliani among them—conveyed in their paintings. For the first time in the Middle East, more than 80 works from 40 “School of Paris” artists are on loan from the Louvre, the Centre Pompidou, and other Parisian institutions. —J.V.